使用密码（和哈希）的 OAuth2，使用 JWT 令牌的 Bearer¶
现在我们已经有了所有安全流程，让我们使用 JWT 令牌和安全的密码哈希来真正保护应用程序。
此代码是您可以在应用程序中实际使用的代码，将密码哈希保存在您的数据库中等等。
我们将从上一章结束的地方开始，并对其进行增量改进。
关于 JWT¶
JWT 代表 "JSON Web Tokens"。
它是一个标准，用于将 JSON 对象编码为一个没有空格的长而密集的字符串。它看起来像这样
eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiaWF0IjoxNTE2MjM5MDIyfQ.SflKxwRJSMeKKF2QT4fwpMeJf36POk6yJV_adQssw5c
它没有被加密，因此任何人都可以从内容中恢复信息。
但它已签名。因此，当您收到自己发出的令牌时，您可以验证是否确实是自己发出的。
这样，您可以创建一个有效期为一周的令牌。然后，当用户第二天带着令牌回来时，您就知道该用户仍然登录到您的系统中。
一周后，令牌将过期，用户将不再被授权，必须再次登录以获取新令牌。如果用户（或第三方）试图修改令牌以更改过期时间，您将能够发现它，因为签名将不匹配。
如果您想玩 JWT 令牌并查看它们的工作原理，请查看 https://jwt.node.org.cn。
安装 PyJWT¶
我们需要安装 PyJWT 才能在 Python 中生成和验证 JWT 令牌。
确保您创建了一个 虚拟环境，激活它，然后安装 pyjwt
$ pip install pyjwt
---> 100%
密码哈希¶
"哈希" 指将一些内容（在本例中为密码）转换为看起来像乱码的字节序列（只是一个字符串）。
无论何时您传递完全相同的内容（完全相同的密码），您都会得到完全相同的乱码。
但是，您无法从乱码转换回密码。
为什么要使用密码哈希¶
如果您的数据库被盗，窃贼将不会获得您用户的明文密码，只有哈希值。
因此，窃贼将无法尝试在另一个系统中使用该密码（因为许多用户在所有地方都使用相同的密码，这将很危险）。
安装 passlib¶
PassLib 是一个很棒的 Python 包，用于处理密码哈希。
它支持许多安全的哈希算法和工具来使用它们。
推荐的算法是“Bcrypt”。
确保您创建了一个 虚拟环境，激活它，然后使用 Bcrypt 安装 PassLib
$ pip install "passlib[bcrypt]"
---> 100%
提示
使用 passlib，您甚至可以将其配置为能够读取由 Django、Flask 安全插件或许多其他插件创建的密码。
因此，例如，您可以将 Django 应用程序中的相同数据从数据库共享到 FastAPI 应用程序中。或者逐步迁移使用相同数据库的 Django 应用程序。
您的用户将能够同时从 Django 应用程序或 FastAPI 应用程序登录。
哈希和验证密码¶
从 passlib 导入所需的工具。
创建一个 PassLib “上下文”。这将用于哈希和验证密码。
提示
PassLib 上下文还具有使用不同哈希算法的功能，包括仅允许验证它们的已弃用的旧算法等。
例如，您可以使用它读取和验证由另一个系统（如 Django）生成的密码，但使用 Bcrypt 等不同算法对任何新密码进行哈希运算。
并同时与所有这些兼容。
创建一个实用程序函数来对来自用户的密码进行哈希运算。
以及另一个实用程序来验证接收到的密码是否与存储的哈希值匹配。
以及另一个实用程序来进行身份验证并返回用户。
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Annotated
import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel
# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32
SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
fake_users_db = {
"johndoe": {
"username": "johndoe",
"full_name": "John Doe",
"email": "johndoe@example.com",
"hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
"disabled": False,
}
}
class Token(BaseModel):
access_token: str
token_type: str
class TokenData(BaseModel):
username: str | None = None
class User(BaseModel):
username: str
email: str | None = None
full_name: str | None = None
disabled: bool | None = None
class UserInDB(User):
hashed_password: str
pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")
app = FastAPI()
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
def get_password_hash(password):
return pwd_context.hash(password)
def get_user(db, username: str):
if username in db:
user_dict = db[username]
return UserInDB(**user_dict)
def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str):
user = get_user(fake_db, username)
if not user:
return False
if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password):
return False
return user
def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: timedelta | None = None):
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
return encoded_jwt
async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]):
credentials_exception = HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Could not validate credentials",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
username: str = payload.get("sub")
if username is None:
raise credentials_exception
token_data = TokenData(username=username)
except InvalidTokenError:
raise credentials_exception
user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username)
if user is None:
raise credentials_exception
return user
async def get_current_active_user(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)],
):
if current_user.disabled:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
return current_user
@app.post("/token")
async def login_for_access_token(
form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()],
) -> Token:
user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
if not user:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Incorrect username or password",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
access_token = create_access_token(
data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
)
return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")
@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return current_user
@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Annotated, Union
import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel
# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32
SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
fake_users_db = {
"johndoe": {
"username": "johndoe",
"full_name": "John Doe",
"email": "johndoe@example.com",
"hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
"disabled": False,
}
}
class Token(BaseModel):
access_token: str
token_type: str
class TokenData(BaseModel):
username: Union[str, None] = None
class User(BaseModel):
username: str
email: Union[str, None] = None
full_name: Union[str, None] = None
disabled: Union[bool, None] = None
class UserInDB(User):
hashed_password: str
pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")
app = FastAPI()
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
def get_password_hash(password):
return pwd_context.hash(password)
def get_user(db, username: str):
if username in db:
user_dict = db[username]
return UserInDB(**user_dict)
def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str):
user = get_user(fake_db, username)
if not user:
return False
if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password):
return False
return user
def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Union[timedelta, None] = None):
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
return encoded_jwt
async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]):
credentials_exception = HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Could not validate credentials",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
username: str = payload.get("sub")
if username is None:
raise credentials_exception
token_data = TokenData(username=username)
except InvalidTokenError:
raise credentials_exception
user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username)
if user is None:
raise credentials_exception
return user
async def get_current_active_user(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)],
):
if current_user.disabled:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
return current_user
@app.post("/token")
async def login_for_access_token(
form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()],
) -> Token:
user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
if not user:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Incorrect username or password",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
access_token = create_access_token(
data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
)
return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")
@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return current_user
@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Union
import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing_extensions import Annotated
# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32
SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
fake_users_db = {
"johndoe": {
"username": "johndoe",
"full_name": "John Doe",
"email": "johndoe@example.com",
"hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
"disabled": False,
}
}
class Token(BaseModel):
access_token: str
token_type: str
class TokenData(BaseModel):
username: Union[str, None] = None
class User(BaseModel):
username: str
email: Union[str, None] = None
full_name: Union[str, None] = None
disabled: Union[bool, None] = None
class UserInDB(User):
hashed_password: str
pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")
app = FastAPI()
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
def get_password_hash(password):
return pwd_context.hash(password)
def get_user(db, username: str):
if username in db:
user_dict = db[username]
return UserInDB(**user_dict)
def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str):
user = get_user(fake_db, username)
if not user:
return False
if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password):
return False
return user
def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Union[timedelta, None] = None):
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
return encoded_jwt
async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]):
credentials_exception = HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Could not validate credentials",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
username: str = payload.get("sub")
if username is None:
raise credentials_exception
token_data = TokenData(username=username)
except InvalidTokenError:
raise credentials_exception
user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username)
if user is None:
raise credentials_exception
return user
async def get_current_active_user(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)],
):
if current_user.disabled:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
return current_user
@app.post("/token")
async def login_for_access_token(
form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()],
) -> Token:
user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
if not user:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Incorrect username or password",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
access_token = create_access_token(
data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
)
return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")
@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return current_user
@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
提示
如果可能，建议使用 Annotated 版本。
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel
# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32
SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
fake_users_db = {
"johndoe": {
"username": "johndoe",
"full_name": "John Doe",
"email": "johndoe@example.com",
"hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
"disabled": False,
}
}
class Token(BaseModel):
access_token: str
token_type: str
class TokenData(BaseModel):
username: str | None = None
class User(BaseModel):
username: str
email: str | None = None
full_name: str | None = None
disabled: bool | None = None
class UserInDB(User):
hashed_password: str
pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")
app = FastAPI()
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
def get_password_hash(password):
return pwd_context.hash(password)
def get_user(db, username: str):
if username in db:
user_dict = db[username]
return UserInDB(**user_dict)
def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str):
user = get_user(fake_db, username)
if not user:
return False
if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password):
return False
return user
def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: timedelta | None = None):
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
return encoded_jwt
async def get_current_user(token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme)):
credentials_exception = HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Could not validate credentials",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
username: str = payload.get("sub")
if username is None:
raise credentials_exception
token_data = TokenData(username=username)
except InvalidTokenError:
raise credentials_exception
user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username)
if user is None:
raise credentials_exception
return user
async def get_current_active_user(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user)):
if current_user.disabled:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
return current_user
@app.post("/token")
async def login_for_access_token(
form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends(),
) -> Token:
user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
if not user:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Incorrect username or password",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
access_token = create_access_token(
data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
)
return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")
@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)):
return current_user
@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)):
return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
提示
如果可能，建议使用 Annotated 版本。
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Union
import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel
# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32
SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
fake_users_db = {
"johndoe": {
"username": "johndoe",
"full_name": "John Doe",
"email": "johndoe@example.com",
"hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
"disabled": False,
}
}
class Token(BaseModel):
access_token: str
token_type: str
class TokenData(BaseModel):
username: Union[str, None] = None
class User(BaseModel):
username: str
email: Union[str, None] = None
full_name: Union[str, None] = None
disabled: Union[bool, None] = None
class UserInDB(User):
hashed_password: str
pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")
app = FastAPI()
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
def get_password_hash(password):
return pwd_context.hash(password)
def get_user(db, username: str):
if username in db:
user_dict = db[username]
return UserInDB(**user_dict)
def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str):
user = get_user(fake_db, username)
if not user:
return False
if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password):
return False
return user
def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Union[timedelta, None] = None):
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
return encoded_jwt
async def get_current_user(token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme)):
credentials_exception = HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Could not validate credentials",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
username: str = payload.get("sub")
if username is None:
raise credentials_exception
token_data = TokenData(username=username)
except InvalidTokenError:
raise credentials_exception
user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username)
if user is None:
raise credentials_exception
return user
async def get_current_active_user(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user)):
if current_user.disabled:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
return current_user
@app.post("/token")
async def login_for_access_token(
form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends(),
) -> Token:
user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
if not user:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Incorrect username or password",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
access_token = create_access_token(
data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
)
return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")
@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)):
return current_user
@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)):
return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
注意
如果您检查新的（假）数据库 fake_users_db，您将看到哈希密码现在是什么样子："$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW"。
处理 JWT 令牌¶
导入已安装的模块。
创建一个将用于签名 JWT 令牌的随机密钥。
要生成安全的随机密钥，请使用以下命令
$ openssl rand -hex 32
09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7
并将输出复制到变量 SECRET_KEY 中（不要使用示例中的密钥）。
创建一个名为 ALGORITHM 的变量，其中包含用于签名 JWT 令牌的算法，并将其设置为 "HS256"。
创建一个变量来表示令牌的有效期。
定义一个 Pydantic 模型，该模型将在令牌端点用于响应。
创建一个实用程序函数来生成新的访问令牌。
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Annotated
import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel
# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32
SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
fake_users_db = {
"johndoe": {
"username": "johndoe",
"full_name": "John Doe",
"email": "johndoe@example.com",
"hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
"disabled": False,
}
}
class Token(BaseModel):
access_token: str
token_type: str
class TokenData(BaseModel):
username: str | None = None
class User(BaseModel):
username: str
email: str | None = None
full_name: str | None = None
disabled: bool | None = None
class UserInDB(User):
hashed_password: str
pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")
app = FastAPI()
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
def get_password_hash(password):
return pwd_context.hash(password)
def get_user(db, username: str):
if username in db:
user_dict = db[username]
return UserInDB(**user_dict)
def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str):
user = get_user(fake_db, username)
if not user:
return False
if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password):
return False
return user
def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: timedelta | None = None):
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
return encoded_jwt
async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]):
credentials_exception = HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Could not validate credentials",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
username: str = payload.get("sub")
if username is None:
raise credentials_exception
token_data = TokenData(username=username)
except InvalidTokenError:
raise credentials_exception
user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username)
if user is None:
raise credentials_exception
return user
async def get_current_active_user(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)],
):
if current_user.disabled:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
return current_user
@app.post("/token")
async def login_for_access_token(
form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()],
) -> Token:
user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
if not user:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Incorrect username or password",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
access_token = create_access_token(
data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
)
return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")
@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return current_user
@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Annotated, Union
import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel
# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32
SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
fake_users_db = {
"johndoe": {
"username": "johndoe",
"full_name": "John Doe",
"email": "johndoe@example.com",
"hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
"disabled": False,
}
}
class Token(BaseModel):
access_token: str
token_type: str
class TokenData(BaseModel):
username: Union[str, None] = None
class User(BaseModel):
username: str
email: Union[str, None] = None
full_name: Union[str, None] = None
disabled: Union[bool, None] = None
class UserInDB(User):
hashed_password: str
pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")
app = FastAPI()
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
def get_password_hash(password):
return pwd_context.hash(password)
def get_user(db, username: str):
if username in db:
user_dict = db[username]
return UserInDB(**user_dict)
def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str):
user = get_user(fake_db, username)
if not user:
return False
if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password):
return False
return user
def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Union[timedelta, None] = None):
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
return encoded_jwt
async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]):
credentials_exception = HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Could not validate credentials",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
username: str = payload.get("sub")
if username is None:
raise credentials_exception
token_data = TokenData(username=username)
except InvalidTokenError:
raise credentials_exception
user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username)
if user is None:
raise credentials_exception
return user
async def get_current_active_user(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)],
):
if current_user.disabled:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
return current_user
@app.post("/token")
async def login_for_access_token(
form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()],
) -> Token:
user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
if not user:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Incorrect username or password",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
access_token = create_access_token(
data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
)
return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")
@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return current_user
@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Union
import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing_extensions import Annotated
# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32
SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
fake_users_db = {
"johndoe": {
"username": "johndoe",
"full_name": "John Doe",
"email": "johndoe@example.com",
"hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
"disabled": False,
}
}
class Token(BaseModel):
access_token: str
token_type: str
class TokenData(BaseModel):
username: Union[str, None] = None
class User(BaseModel):
username: str
email: Union[str, None] = None
full_name: Union[str, None] = None
disabled: Union[bool, None] = None
class UserInDB(User):
hashed_password: str
pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")
app = FastAPI()
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
def get_password_hash(password):
return pwd_context.hash(password)
def get_user(db, username: str):
if username in db:
user_dict = db[username]
return UserInDB(**user_dict)
def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str):
user = get_user(fake_db, username)
if not user:
return False
if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password):
return False
return user
def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Union[timedelta, None] = None):
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
return encoded_jwt
async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]):
credentials_exception = HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Could not validate credentials",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
username: str = payload.get("sub")
if username is None:
raise credentials_exception
token_data = TokenData(username=username)
except InvalidTokenError:
raise credentials_exception
user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username)
if user is None:
raise credentials_exception
return user
async def get_current_active_user(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)],
):
if current_user.disabled:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
return current_user
@app.post("/token")
async def login_for_access_token(
form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()],
) -> Token:
user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
if not user:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Incorrect username or password",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
access_token = create_access_token(
data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
)
return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")
@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return current_user
@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
提示
如果可能，建议使用 Annotated 版本。
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel
# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32
SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
fake_users_db = {
"johndoe": {
"username": "johndoe",
"full_name": "John Doe",
"email": "johndoe@example.com",
"hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
"disabled": False,
}
}
class Token(BaseModel):
access_token: str
token_type: str
class TokenData(BaseModel):
username: str | None = None
class User(BaseModel):
username: str
email: str | None = None
full_name: str | None = None
disabled: bool | None = None
class UserInDB(User):
hashed_password: str
pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")
app = FastAPI()
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
def get_password_hash(password):
return pwd_context.hash(password)
def get_user(db, username: str):
if username in db:
user_dict = db[username]
return UserInDB(**user_dict)
def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str):
user = get_user(fake_db, username)
if not user:
return False
if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password):
return False
return user
def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: timedelta | None = None):
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
return encoded_jwt
async def get_current_user(token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme)):
credentials_exception = HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Could not validate credentials",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
username: str = payload.get("sub")
if username is None:
raise credentials_exception
token_data = TokenData(username=username)
except InvalidTokenError:
raise credentials_exception
user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username)
if user is None:
raise credentials_exception
return user
async def get_current_active_user(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user)):
if current_user.disabled:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
return current_user
@app.post("/token")
async def login_for_access_token(
form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends(),
) -> Token:
user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
if not user:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Incorrect username or password",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
access_token = create_access_token(
data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
)
return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")
@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)):
return current_user
@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)):
return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
提示
如果可能，建议使用 Annotated 版本。
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Union
import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel
# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32
SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
fake_users_db = {
"johndoe": {
"username": "johndoe",
"full_name": "John Doe",
"email": "johndoe@example.com",
"hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
"disabled": False,
}
}
class Token(BaseModel):
access_token: str
token_type: str
class TokenData(BaseModel):
username: Union[str, None] = None
class User(BaseModel):
username: str
email: Union[str, None] = None
full_name: Union[str, None] = None
disabled: Union[bool, None] = None
class UserInDB(User):
hashed_password: str
pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")
app = FastAPI()
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
def get_password_hash(password):
return pwd_context.hash(password)
def get_user(db, username: str):
if username in db:
user_dict = db[username]
return UserInDB(**user_dict)
def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str):
user = get_user(fake_db, username)
if not user:
return False
if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password):
return False
return user
def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Union[timedelta, None] = None):
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
return encoded_jwt
async def get_current_user(token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme)):
credentials_exception = HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Could not validate credentials",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
username: str = payload.get("sub")
if username is None:
raise credentials_exception
token_data = TokenData(username=username)
except InvalidTokenError:
raise credentials_exception
user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username)
if user is None:
raise credentials_exception
return user
async def get_current_active_user(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user)):
if current_user.disabled:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
return current_user
@app.post("/token")
async def login_for_access_token(
form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends(),
) -> Token:
user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
if not user:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Incorrect username or password",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
access_token = create_access_token(
data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
)
return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")
@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)):
return current_user
@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)):
return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
更新依赖项¶
更新 get_current_user 以接收与之前相同的令牌，但这次使用 JWT 令牌。
解码接收到的令牌，验证它，并返回当前用户。
如果令牌无效，请立即返回 HTTP 错误。
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Annotated
import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel
# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32
SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
fake_users_db = {
"johndoe": {
"username": "johndoe",
"full_name": "John Doe",
"email": "johndoe@example.com",
"hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
"disabled": False,
}
}
class Token(BaseModel):
access_token: str
token_type: str
class TokenData(BaseModel):
username: str | None = None
class User(BaseModel):
username: str
email: str | None = None
full_name: str | None = None
disabled: bool | None = None
class UserInDB(User):
hashed_password: str
pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")
app = FastAPI()
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
def get_password_hash(password):
return pwd_context.hash(password)
def get_user(db, username: str):
if username in db:
user_dict = db[username]
return UserInDB(**user_dict)
def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str):
user = get_user(fake_db, username)
if not user:
return False
if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password):
return False
return user
def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: timedelta | None = None):
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
return encoded_jwt
async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]):
credentials_exception = HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Could not validate credentials",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
username: str = payload.get("sub")
if username is None:
raise credentials_exception
token_data = TokenData(username=username)
except InvalidTokenError:
raise credentials_exception
user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username)
if user is None:
raise credentials_exception
return user
async def get_current_active_user(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)],
):
if current_user.disabled:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
return current_user
@app.post("/token")
async def login_for_access_token(
form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()],
) -> Token:
user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
if not user:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Incorrect username or password",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
access_token = create_access_token(
data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
)
return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")
@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return current_user
@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Annotated, Union
import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel
# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32
SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
fake_users_db = {
"johndoe": {
"username": "johndoe",
"full_name": "John Doe",
"email": "johndoe@example.com",
"hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
"disabled": False,
}
}
class Token(BaseModel):
access_token: str
token_type: str
class TokenData(BaseModel):
username: Union[str, None] = None
class User(BaseModel):
username: str
email: Union[str, None] = None
full_name: Union[str, None] = None
disabled: Union[bool, None] = None
class UserInDB(User):
hashed_password: str
pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")
app = FastAPI()
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
def get_password_hash(password):
return pwd_context.hash(password)
def get_user(db, username: str):
if username in db:
user_dict = db[username]
return UserInDB(**user_dict)
def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str):
user = get_user(fake_db, username)
if not user:
return False
if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password):
return False
return user
def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Union[timedelta, None] = None):
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
return encoded_jwt
async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]):
credentials_exception = HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Could not validate credentials",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
username: str = payload.get("sub")
if username is None:
raise credentials_exception
token_data = TokenData(username=username)
except InvalidTokenError:
raise credentials_exception
user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username)
if user is None:
raise credentials_exception
return user
async def get_current_active_user(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)],
):
if current_user.disabled:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
return current_user
@app.post("/token")
async def login_for_access_token(
form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()],
) -> Token:
user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
if not user:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Incorrect username or password",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
access_token = create_access_token(
data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
)
return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")
@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return current_user
@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Union
import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing_extensions import Annotated
# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32
SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
fake_users_db = {
"johndoe": {
"username": "johndoe",
"full_name": "John Doe",
"email": "johndoe@example.com",
"hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
"disabled": False,
}
}
class Token(BaseModel):
access_token: str
token_type: str
class TokenData(BaseModel):
username: Union[str, None] = None
class User(BaseModel):
username: str
email: Union[str, None] = None
full_name: Union[str, None] = None
disabled: Union[bool, None] = None
class UserInDB(User):
hashed_password: str
pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")
app = FastAPI()
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
def get_password_hash(password):
return pwd_context.hash(password)
def get_user(db, username: str):
if username in db:
user_dict = db[username]
return UserInDB(**user_dict)
def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str):
user = get_user(fake_db, username)
if not user:
return False
if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password):
return False
return user
def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Union[timedelta, None] = None):
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
return encoded_jwt
async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]):
credentials_exception = HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Could not validate credentials",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
username: str = payload.get("sub")
if username is None:
raise credentials_exception
token_data = TokenData(username=username)
except InvalidTokenError:
raise credentials_exception
user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username)
if user is None:
raise credentials_exception
return user
async def get_current_active_user(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)],
):
if current_user.disabled:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
return current_user
@app.post("/token")
async def login_for_access_token(
form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()],
) -> Token:
user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
if not user:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Incorrect username or password",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
access_token = create_access_token(
data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
)
return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")
@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return current_user
@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
提示
如果可能，建议使用 Annotated 版本。
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel
# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32
SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
fake_users_db = {
"johndoe": {
"username": "johndoe",
"full_name": "John Doe",
"email": "johndoe@example.com",
"hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
"disabled": False,
}
}
class Token(BaseModel):
access_token: str
token_type: str
class TokenData(BaseModel):
username: str | None = None
class User(BaseModel):
username: str
email: str | None = None
full_name: str | None = None
disabled: bool | None = None
class UserInDB(User):
hashed_password: str
pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")
app = FastAPI()
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
def get_password_hash(password):
return pwd_context.hash(password)
def get_user(db, username: str):
if username in db:
user_dict = db[username]
return UserInDB(**user_dict)
def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str):
user = get_user(fake_db, username)
if not user:
return False
if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password):
return False
return user
def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: timedelta | None = None):
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
return encoded_jwt
async def get_current_user(token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme)):
credentials_exception = HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Could not validate credentials",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
username: str = payload.get("sub")
if username is None:
raise credentials_exception
token_data = TokenData(username=username)
except InvalidTokenError:
raise credentials_exception
user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username)
if user is None:
raise credentials_exception
return user
async def get_current_active_user(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user)):
if current_user.disabled:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
return current_user
@app.post("/token")
async def login_for_access_token(
form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends(),
) -> Token:
user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
if not user:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Incorrect username or password",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
access_token = create_access_token(
data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
)
return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")
@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)):
return current_user
@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)):
return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
提示
如果可能，建议使用 Annotated 版本。
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Union
import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel
# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32
SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
fake_users_db = {
"johndoe": {
"username": "johndoe",
"full_name": "John Doe",
"email": "johndoe@example.com",
"hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
"disabled": False,
}
}
class Token(BaseModel):
access_token: str
token_type: str
class TokenData(BaseModel):
username: Union[str, None] = None
class User(BaseModel):
username: str
email: Union[str, None] = None
full_name: Union[str, None] = None
disabled: Union[bool, None] = None
class UserInDB(User):
hashed_password: str
pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")
app = FastAPI()
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
def get_password_hash(password):
return pwd_context.hash(password)
def get_user(db, username: str):
if username in db:
user_dict = db[username]
return UserInDB(**user_dict)
def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str):
user = get_user(fake_db, username)
if not user:
return False
if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password):
return False
return user
def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Union[timedelta, None] = None):
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
return encoded_jwt
async def get_current_user(token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme)):
credentials_exception = HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Could not validate credentials",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
username: str = payload.get("sub")
if username is None:
raise credentials_exception
token_data = TokenData(username=username)
except InvalidTokenError:
raise credentials_exception
user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username)
if user is None:
raise credentials_exception
return user
async def get_current_active_user(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user)):
if current_user.disabled:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
return current_user
@app.post("/token")
async def login_for_access_token(
form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends(),
) -> Token:
user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
if not user:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Incorrect username or password",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
access_token = create_access_token(
data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
)
return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")
@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)):
return current_user
@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)):
return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
更新 /token 路径操作¶
创建一个 timedelta，其中包含令牌的有效期。
创建一个真实的 JWT 访问令牌并返回它。
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Annotated
import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel
# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32
SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
fake_users_db = {
"johndoe": {
"username": "johndoe",
"full_name": "John Doe",
"email": "johndoe@example.com",
"hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
"disabled": False,
}
}
class Token(BaseModel):
access_token: str
token_type: str
class TokenData(BaseModel):
username: str | None = None
class User(BaseModel):
username: str
email: str | None = None
full_name: str | None = None
disabled: bool | None = None
class UserInDB(User):
hashed_password: str
pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")
app = FastAPI()
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
def get_password_hash(password):
return pwd_context.hash(password)
def get_user(db, username: str):
if username in db:
user_dict = db[username]
return UserInDB(**user_dict)
def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str):
user = get_user(fake_db, username)
if not user:
return False
if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password):
return False
return user
def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: timedelta | None = None):
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
return encoded_jwt
async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]):
credentials_exception = HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Could not validate credentials",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
username: str = payload.get("sub")
if username is None:
raise credentials_exception
token_data = TokenData(username=username)
except InvalidTokenError:
raise credentials_exception
user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username)
if user is None:
raise credentials_exception
return user
async def get_current_active_user(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)],
):
if current_user.disabled:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
return current_user
@app.post("/token")
async def login_for_access_token(
form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()],
) -> Token:
user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
if not user:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Incorrect username or password",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
access_token = create_access_token(
data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
)
return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")
@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return current_user
@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Annotated, Union
import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel
# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32
SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
fake_users_db = {
"johndoe": {
"username": "johndoe",
"full_name": "John Doe",
"email": "johndoe@example.com",
"hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
"disabled": False,
}
}
class Token(BaseModel):
access_token: str
token_type: str
class TokenData(BaseModel):
username: Union[str, None] = None
class User(BaseModel):
username: str
email: Union[str, None] = None
full_name: Union[str, None] = None
disabled: Union[bool, None] = None
class UserInDB(User):
hashed_password: str
pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")
app = FastAPI()
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
def get_password_hash(password):
return pwd_context.hash(password)
def get_user(db, username: str):
if username in db:
user_dict = db[username]
return UserInDB(**user_dict)
def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str):
user = get_user(fake_db, username)
if not user:
return False
if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password):
return False
return user
def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Union[timedelta, None] = None):
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
return encoded_jwt
async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]):
credentials_exception = HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Could not validate credentials",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
username: str = payload.get("sub")
if username is None:
raise credentials_exception
token_data = TokenData(username=username)
except InvalidTokenError:
raise credentials_exception
user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username)
if user is None:
raise credentials_exception
return user
async def get_current_active_user(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)],
):
if current_user.disabled:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
return current_user
@app.post("/token")
async def login_for_access_token(
form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()],
) -> Token:
user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
if not user:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Incorrect username or password",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
access_token = create_access_token(
data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
)
return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")
@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return current_user
@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Union
import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing_extensions import Annotated
# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32
SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
fake_users_db = {
"johndoe": {
"username": "johndoe",
"full_name": "John Doe",
"email": "johndoe@example.com",
"hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
"disabled": False,
}
}
class Token(BaseModel):
access_token: str
token_type: str
class TokenData(BaseModel):
username: Union[str, None] = None
class User(BaseModel):
username: str
email: Union[str, None] = None
full_name: Union[str, None] = None
disabled: Union[bool, None] = None
class UserInDB(User):
hashed_password: str
pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")
app = FastAPI()
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
def get_password_hash(password):
return pwd_context.hash(password)
def get_user(db, username: str):
if username in db:
user_dict = db[username]
return UserInDB(**user_dict)
def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str):
user = get_user(fake_db, username)
if not user:
return False
if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password):
return False
return user
def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Union[timedelta, None] = None):
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
return encoded_jwt
async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]):
credentials_exception = HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Could not validate credentials",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
username: str = payload.get("sub")
if username is None:
raise credentials_exception
token_data = TokenData(username=username)
except InvalidTokenError:
raise credentials_exception
user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username)
if user is None:
raise credentials_exception
return user
async def get_current_active_user(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)],
):
if current_user.disabled:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
return current_user
@app.post("/token")
async def login_for_access_token(
form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()],
) -> Token:
user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
if not user:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Incorrect username or password",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
access_token = create_access_token(
data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
)
return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")
@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return current_user
@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(
current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
提示
如果可能，建议使用 Annotated 版本。
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel
# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32
SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
fake_users_db = {
"johndoe": {
"username": "johndoe",
"full_name": "John Doe",
"email": "johndoe@example.com",
"hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
"disabled": False,
}
}
class Token(BaseModel):
access_token: str
token_type: str
class TokenData(BaseModel):
username: str | None = None
class User(BaseModel):
username: str
email: str | None = None
full_name: str | None = None
disabled: bool | None = None
class UserInDB(User):
hashed_password: str
pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")
app = FastAPI()
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
def get_password_hash(password):
return pwd_context.hash(password)
def get_user(db, username: str):
if username in db:
user_dict = db[username]
return UserInDB(**user_dict)
def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str):
user = get_user(fake_db, username)
if not user:
return False
if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password):
return False
return user
def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: timedelta | None = None):
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
return encoded_jwt
async def get_current_user(token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme)):
credentials_exception = HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Could not validate credentials",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
username: str = payload.get("sub")
if username is None:
raise credentials_exception
token_data = TokenData(username=username)
except InvalidTokenError:
raise credentials_exception
user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username)
if user is None:
raise credentials_exception
return user
async def get_current_active_user(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user)):
if current_user.disabled:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
return current_user
@app.post("/token")
async def login_for_access_token(
form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends(),
) -> Token:
user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
if not user:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Incorrect username or password",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
access_token = create_access_token(
data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
)
return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")
@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)):
return current_user
@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)):
return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
提示
如果可能，建议使用 Annotated 版本。
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Union
import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel
# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32
SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
fake_users_db = {
"johndoe": {
"username": "johndoe",
"full_name": "John Doe",
"email": "johndoe@example.com",
"hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
"disabled": False,
}
}
class Token(BaseModel):
access_token: str
token_type: str
class TokenData(BaseModel):
username: Union[str, None] = None
class User(BaseModel):
username: str
email: Union[str, None] = None
full_name: Union[str, None] = None
disabled: Union[bool, None] = None
class UserInDB(User):
hashed_password: str
pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")
app = FastAPI()
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
def get_password_hash(password):
return pwd_context.hash(password)
def get_user(db, username: str):
if username in db:
user_dict = db[username]
return UserInDB(**user_dict)
def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str):
user = get_user(fake_db, username)
if not user:
return False
if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password):
return False
return user
def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Union[timedelta, None] = None):
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
return encoded_jwt
async def get_current_user(token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme)):
credentials_exception = HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Could not validate credentials",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
username: str = payload.get("sub")
if username is None:
raise credentials_exception
token_data = TokenData(username=username)
except InvalidTokenError:
raise credentials_exception
user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username)
if user is None:
raise credentials_exception
return user
async def get_current_active_user(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user)):
if current_user.disabled:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
return current_user
@app.post("/token")
async def login_for_access_token(
form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends(),
) -> Token:
user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
if not user:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Incorrect username or password",
headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
)
access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
access_token = create_access_token(
data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
)
return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")
@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)):
return current_user
@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)):
return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
有关 JWT “主体” sub 的技术细节¶
JWT 规范指出，有一个名为 sub 的键，其中包含令牌的主体。
使用它是可选的，但这就是您放置用户标识的地方，因此我们在此处使用它。
JWT 可能用于除识别用户并允许他们直接在您的 API 上执行操作之外的其他用途。
例如，您可以识别“汽车”或“博客文章”。
然后，您可以添加有关该实体的权限，例如“驾驶”（对于汽车）或“编辑”（对于博客）。
然后，您可以将该 JWT 令牌授予用户（或机器人），他们可以使用它来执行这些操作（驾驶汽车或编辑博客文章），甚至不需要拥有帐户，只需使用您的 API 为其生成的 JWT 令牌即可。
使用这些想法，JWT 可以用于更复杂的场景。
在这些情况下，几个这样的实体可能具有相同的 ID，例如 foo（用户 foo、汽车 foo 和博客文章 foo）。
因此，为避免 ID 冲突，在创建用户 JWT 令牌时，您可以为 sub 键的值添加前缀，例如 username:。因此，在本示例中，sub 的值可能是：username:johndoe。
需要注意的重要一点是，sub 键应该在整个应用程序中具有唯一的标识符，它应该是一个字符串。
检查它¶
运行服务器并访问文档：http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs.
您将看到这样的用户界面
以与以前相同的方式授权应用程序。
使用以下凭据
用户名：johndoe 密码：secret
检查
请注意，代码中没有任何地方包含明文密码“secret”，我们只有哈希版本。
调用端点 /users/me/，您将获得以下响应
{
"username": "johndoe",
"email": "johndoe@example.com",
"full_name": "John Doe",
"disabled": false
}
如果您打开开发者工具，您将看到发送的数据仅包含令牌，密码仅在第一个请求中发送以对用户进行身份验证并获取该访问令牌，但在之后不会发送。
注意
请注意标头 Authorization，其值以 Bearer 开头。
使用 scopes 的高级用法¶
OAuth2 有“范围”的概念。
您可以使用它们为 JWT 令牌添加一组特定的权限。
然后，您可以将此令牌直接授予用户或第三方，以一组限制的方式与您的 API 交互。
您可以在后面的 高级用户指南 中了解如何使用它们以及它们如何集成到 FastAPI 中。
回顾¶
通过您目前所见，您可以使用 OAuth2 和 JWT 等标准设置安全的 FastAPI 应用程序。
在几乎所有框架中，处理安全问题都会很快变成一个相当复杂的问题。
许多简化安全问题的软件包必须对数据模型、数据库和可用功能做出许多妥协。而且，这些过于简化事物的软件包中实际上存在安全漏洞。
FastAPI 不会对任何数据库、数据模型或工具做出任何妥协。
它为您提供了所有灵活性来选择最适合您项目的工具。
您可以直接使用许多维护良好且广泛使用的软件包，例如 passlib 和 PyJWT，因为 FastAPI 不需要任何复杂的机制来集成外部软件包。
但它为您提供了尽可能简化流程的工具，而不会影响灵活性、稳健性或安全性。
您还可以使用和实施安全、标准的协议，例如 OAuth2，以相对简单的方式。
您可以在 高级用户指南 中详细了解如何使用 OAuth2 “范围”来创建更细粒度的权限系统，遵循这些相同的标准。使用范围的 OAuth2 是许多大型身份验证提供商（如 Facebook、Google、GitHub、Microsoft、Twitter 等）用来授权第三方应用程序代表其用户与他们的 API 交互的机制。